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Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut Barrow a.k.a. Clyde Champion Barrow〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FBI — Bonnie and Clyde )〕 (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were criminals who traveled the central United States with their gang during the Great Depression, robbing and killing people. At times, the gang included Buck Barrow, Blanche Barrow, Raymond Hamilton, W. D. Jones, Joe Palmer, Ralph Fults, and Henry Methvin. Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the "Public Enemy Era", between 1931 and 1935. Though known today for his dozen-or-so bank robberies, Barrow preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations. The gang is believed to have killed at least nine police officers and several civilians. The couple were eventually ambushed and killed near the town of Sailes, Louisiana, in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, by law officers. Their reputation was revived and cemented in American pop folklore by Arthur Penn's 1967 film ''Bonnie and Clyde'',〔Toplin, Robert B. ''History by Hollywood: The Use and Abuse of the American Past'' (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, 1996.) ISBN 0-252-06536-0.〕 which starred Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty as the pair. Even during their lifetimes, the couple's depiction in the press was at considerable odds with the hardscrabble reality of their life on the road—particularly in the case of Parker. Though she was present at a hundred or more felonies during her two years as Barrow's companion,〔Phillips, John Neal (2002). ''Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults''. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3429-1.〕 she was not the machine gun-wielding killer portrayed in the newspapers, newsreels, and pulp detective magazines of the day. Gang member W. D. Jones later testified that he was unsure whether he had ever seen her fire at officers.〔Jones deposition, November 18, 1933. FBI file 26-4114, (Section Sub A ), pp. 59–62. (FBI Records and Information ).〕〔Jones, W.D. ("Riding with Bonnie and Clyde" ), ''Playboy'', November 1968. Reprinted at Cinetropic.com.〕 Parker's reputation as a cigar-smoking gun moll grew out of a playful snapshot found by police at an abandoned hideout, released to the press, and published nationwide. While she did chain smoke Camel cigarettes, she was not a cigar smoker.〔Parker, Emma Krause; Nell Barrow Cowan and Jan I. Fortune (1968). ''The True Story of Bonnie and Clyde''. New York: New American Library. ISBN 0-8488-2154-8. First published in September 1934 as ''Fugitives''. Parker was Bonnie's mother, Cowan was Clyde's sister, and Fortune was a Dallas writer and reporter, who was chiefly responsible for the book. Parker and Cowan repudiated the book immediately upon its publication, but more for personal/family agenda reasons than for factual inaccuracies. Page numbers in footnotes refer to the 1968 paperback edition.〕 Historian Jeff Guinn has said that the hideout photos led to the glamorization and creation of legend about the outlaws: John Dillinger had matinee-idol good looks and Pretty Boy Floyd had the best possible nickname, but the Joplin photos introduced new criminal superstars with the most titillating trademark of all—illicit sex. Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker were wild and young, and undoubtedly slept together. ==Bonnie Parker== Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) was born in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children. Her father Charles Parker, a bricklayer, died when Bonnie was four.〔Phillips, p xxxv; Guinn, p 45〕 Her mother Emma Krause moved with the children to her parents' home in Cement City, an industrial suburb now known as West Dallas, where she found work as a seamstress.〔Guinn, p 46〕 Her maternal grandfather, Frank Krause, came from Germany.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bonnie and Clyde Genealogy Records )〕 As an adult, her fondness for writing found expression in poems such as "The Story of Suicide Sal"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Story of Suicide Sal - Bonnie Parker 1932 )〕 and "The Trail's End" (known since as "The Story of Bonnie and Clyde"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Story of Bonnie and Clyde )〕). In her second year in high school, Parker met Roy Thornton. They dropped out of school and were married on September 25, 1926, six days before Parker's 16th birthday.〔Phillips, p xxxvi; Guinn, p 76〕 Their marriage, marked by his frequent absences and brushes with the law, was short-lived. After January 1929, their paths never crossed again. But they were never divorced, and Parker was wearing Thornton's wedding ring when she died.〔A few months after their breakup Roy went to prison for robbery, and Bonnie told her mother, "Well, I didn't get (divorce ) before Roy was sent up, and it looks sort of dirty to file for one now." Parker, Cowan and Fortune, p. 56〕 Thornton was in prison in 1934 when he learned of her death. His reaction was: "I'm glad they went out like they did. It's much better than being caught."〔 In 1929, after the breakdown of her marriage, Parker lived with her mother and worked as a waitress in Dallas. One of her regular customers in the café was postal worker Ted Hinton, who would join the Dallas Sheriff's Department in 1932. As a posse member in 1934, he participated in her ambush.〔Guinn, p 79〕 In the diary she kept briefly early in 1929, Parker wrote of her loneliness, her impatience with life in provincial Dallas, and her love of talking pictures.〔Parker, Cowan and Fortune, pp 55–57〕 ==Clyde Barrow== Clyde Chestnut Barrow〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Bonnie and Clyde's Texas Hideout )〕 (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) was born into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, near Telico, a town just southeast of Dallas.〔Barrow and Phillips, p. xxxv.〕 He was the fifth of seven children of Henry Basil Barrow (1874–1957) and Cumie T. Walker (1874–1943). They migrated, piecemeal, to Dallas in the early 1920s as part of a wave of resettlement from the impoverished nearby farms to the urban slum known as West Dallas. The Barrows spent their first months in West Dallas living under their wagon. When father Henry had earned enough money to buy a tent, it was a significant improvement for the family.〔Guinn provides a comprehensive description of West Dallas, p. 20.〕 Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. His second arrest, with brother Marvin "Buck" Barrow, came soon after, this time for possession of stolen goods (turkeys). Despite having legitimate jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, he also cracked safes, robbed stores, and stole cars. After sequential arrests in 1928 and 1929, he was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April 1930. While in prison, Barrow used a lead pipe to crush the skull of another inmate who had repeatedly assaulted him sexually.〔Guinn, p. 76.〕 This was Clyde Barrow's first killing. Paroled in February 1932, Barrow emerged from Eastham a hardened and bitter criminal. His sister Marie said, "Something awful sure must have happened to him in prison, because he wasn't the same person when he got out."〔Phillips, ''Running'', p 324n9〕 A fellow inmate, Ralph Fults, said he watched him "change from a schoolboy to a rattlesnake."〔Phillips, ''Running'', p. 53.〕 In his post-Eastham career, Barrow chose smaller jobs, robbing grocery stores and gas stations, at a rate far outpacing the ten to fifteen bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang. His favored weapon was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (called a BAR). According to John Neal Phillips, Barrow's goal in life was not to gain fame or fortune from robbing banks, but to seek revenge against the Texas prison system for the abuses he suffered while serving time.〔Phillips, John Neal. ("Bonnie & Clyde's Revenge on Eastham" ), Historynet, originally published in (''American History'' ), October 2000.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bonnie and Clyde」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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